tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-63694938971724926612024-03-13T03:17:15.200-07:0019th Global Neuroscience Conference<b>Theme:</b> Ameliorations in Technologies and Treatmentsbr>
<b>Date:</b> June 17-18, 2019 <br>
<b>Conference Venue:</b> Brisbane, Australiafoodsafetyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11154490531421275430noreply@blogger.comBlogger9125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6369493897172492661.post-28090493744558957502018-10-03T00:08:00.002-07:002018-10-03T00:08:34.974-07:00<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span class="rendered_qtext" style="tab-size: 4;">What is pain in terms of neuroscience?</span></h1>
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By: <span style="font-size: x-small;">#<a action_mousedown="UserLinkClickthrough" class="user" href="https://www.quora.com/profile/Yohan-John" id="__w2_oWvV3DM_name_link" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); color: #333333; display: inline-block; font-family: q_serif, Georgia, Times, "Times New Roman", "Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro", Meiryo, serif; font-weight: bold; height: initial; margin: 8px 0px 0px 8px; max-width: 228px; overflow-wrap: normal; overflow: hidden; text-decoration-line: none; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap;">Yohan John</a>, #<span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">Neuroscientist at #BostonUniversity</span></span></div>
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Pain in the body is associated with pain receptors (<span class="qlink_container">nociceptors</span>). But pain receptors might not cover all kinds of pain. Headaches, for example, are subjectively felt as originating in the head, but there are no pain receptors in the brain. (Some headaches may be a result of nociceptor activation in the tissue surrounding the brain. Headaches remain poorly understood.)</div>
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It makes sense therefore to think of pain as a particular (and still largely unknown) pattern of activity. Sometimes this pattern is a result of signals from the rest of the body, but sometimes the pattern seems to originate within the brain.</div>
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The question of the material basis of a <i>feeling</i> is a mystery, however. It sits at the boundary between science and philosophy. Philosophers call subjective experiential states <span class="qlink_container">qualia</span>. They seem to be linked to brain states (which in turn are linked to bodily states), but beyond that we can say very little. We can simulate such states in machines, but that doesn’t really tell us if the machine is feeling anything. In fact the question of whether a machine feels anything may be unanswerable: each person only has access to their own consciousness.</div>
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We cannot directly perceive what another person or animal or robot is feeling. All we see are their reactions and their internal states as measured by our devices. We <i>infer</i> an experiential state by analogy with how our own experiences relate to outward behavior. When I get a headache, I might clutch my heads and groan. If I see the same in another person, I can infer that they are experiencing something similar. But <i>how</i> similar? It is impossible to say.</div>
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KISHANhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15816151694937771809noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6369493897172492661.post-84955543499996704582018-09-30T22:02:00.004-07:002018-09-30T22:02:52.009-07:00<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The Future of Brain Science</span></h2>
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By: #<div class="field field-name-field-user-bio-short field-type-text-long field-label-hidden" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline !important;">
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<span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "Proxima Nova Bold", Arial, sans-serif;">EricHaseltine, Ph.D</span>., is a neuroscientist and the author of <em style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box;">Long Fuse, Big Bang</em></div>
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If the past is any guide, the thrilling future of <a class="inline-links topic-link" href="https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/basics/neuroscience" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: transparent; border-bottom: 1px dashed rgb(153, 153, 153); box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(44, 45, 48) !important; font-family: inherit; text-decoration-line: none !important;" title="Psychology Today looks at neuroscience">neuroscience</a> has already arrived, but most of us just haven’t noticed it yet.</div>
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With previous scientific breakthroughs that elevated the human condition—such as the discovery that bacteria cause infectious disease (leading to antiseptics and antibiotics) and the discovery that silicon integrated circuits could be made inexpensively (fueling the digital revolution)—key discoveries emerged decades before anyone, let alone leading scientists, grasped their full importance.</div>
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Ignaz Semmelweis discovered that “cadaverous particles” (bacteria) caused disease in 1848, over 20 years before antiseptic techniques to combat infection were adopted. The integrated circuit and Complimentary Metal on Silicon (CMOS) developments in 1958 and 1963, respectively, occurred long before these discoveries made possible Moore’s Law (digital circuit performance doubles every 18 months), personal computers, mobile phones and the World Wide Web.</div>
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I believe that developments comparable to previous seminal scientific breakthroughs have already occurred in neuroscience, but most of the world hasn’t realized it yet for a number of reasons, chief among them that some of these earthshaking advances aren’t actually in neuroscience at all, but in fields such as Computational Mathematics and <a class="inline-links topic-link" href="https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/basics/artificial-intelligence" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: transparent; border-bottom: 1px dashed rgb(153, 153, 153); box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(44, 45, 48) !important; font-family: inherit; text-decoration-line: none !important;" title="Psychology Today looks at Artificial Intelligence">Artificial Intelligence</a>(AI).</div>
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<span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "Proxima Nova Bold", Arial, sans-serif;"><b>Big neuroscience advances</b></span></div>
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Before describing the “non-neuroscience” advances that are propelling neuroscience into an exciting future, let me focus on recent key breakthroughs that <em style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box;">are </em>in the field of neuroscience. Ian Stevensen and Konrad Kording of Northwestern University showed in a 2011 paper in <em style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box;"><a class="inline-links topic-link" href="https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/basics/environment" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: transparent; border-bottom: 1px dashed rgb(153, 153, 153); box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(44, 45, 48) !important; font-family: inherit; text-decoration-line: none !important;" title="Psychology Today looks at Nature">Nature</a> Neuroscience</em>, that neuroscientists have doubled the number of individual neurons that can be simultaneously recorded every seven years since 1950, producing a “Moore’s law” of neuroscience that has taken us from studying one neuron at a time, to nearly a thousand neurons at a time. Techniques such as opto-genetic recording, carbon nanotube electrode arrays, and injectable silver mesh arrays of nano-electrodes now enable neuroscientists to both listen to and stimulate vast arrays of neuron populations, all at the same time.</div>
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Apart from the therapeutic value of such massive recording and stimulation capabilities for treating diseases such as epilepsy and Parkinson’s, the ability to read and write to large populations of neurons has opened up the possibility of directly interfacing brains to computers.</div>
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Miguel Nicolelis of Duke University has already done this in monkeys, using an array of implanted electrodes in motor cortex to read and interpret neuronal discharges in large populations of neurons so that a monkey, with Nicholelis’s implants can precisely control an artificial robotic arm by “thinking” alone.</div>
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This staggering achievement illustrates the crucial importance of “non-neuroscience” advances to neuroscience itself: Nicolelis could not have made sense of the overwhelming flood of data pouring out of his monkey’s brains without the assistance high performance computers and Machine Learning (a kind of Artificial <a class="inline-links topic-link" href="https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/basics/intelligence" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: transparent; border-bottom: 1px dashed rgb(153, 153, 153); box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(44, 45, 48) !important; font-family: inherit; text-decoration-line: none !important;" title="Psychology Today looks at Intelligence">Intelligence</a>) algorithms that learned to interpret complex firing patterns of the large populations of neurons that “learned” to control a robot arm.</div>
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Put another way, neuroscientists have gotten so good at studying the brain with micro recording techniques, that neuroscientists, by themselves, cannot hope to understand the overwhelming complexity of what they have discovered.</div>
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<span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "Proxima Nova Bold", Arial, sans-serif;"><b>Enter Computational Math and AI</b></span></div>
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Fortunately for neuroscience, mathematicians, data scientists, and computer scientists have been wrestling with their own “information overload” challenges, coping with exponential increases in the volume, variety and velocity of digital data spawned by the Moore’s law revolution in digital technology.</div>
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Google, for instance, ingests unimaginable volumes of data every second, that they must somehow “monetize” (make money from, because their services are largely “free”) by precisely targeting digital advertisements to people who use Google search or Gmail. Google can only do this with the aid of massive cloud computing systems running complex math and AI algorithms that quickly recognize patterns (such as which people who search for item “A” are likely to purchase item “B”) and act upon these insights to serve up ads in real time. (When you enter a Google search you get back different ads in the sidebars than I do, because your likely purchasing behavior is different than mine.)</div>
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This sort of digital <a class="inline-links topic-link" href="https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/basics/mind-reading" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: transparent; border-bottom: 1px dashed rgb(153, 153, 153); box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(44, 45, 48) !important; font-family: inherit; text-decoration-line: none !important;" title="Psychology Today looks at mind-reading">mind-reading</a> through esoteric pattern analysis is precisely the sort of thing that neuroscientists such as Nicolelis need both to interpret patterns of activity in large populations of neurons and to communicate with those same neurons.</div>
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One branch of AI, called “<a class="inline-links topic-link" href="https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/basics/cognition" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: transparent; border-bottom: 1px dashed rgb(153, 153, 153); box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(44, 45, 48) !important; font-family: inherit; text-decoration-line: none !important;" title="Psychology Today looks at cognitive">cognitive</a> computing,” holds particular promise for extending Nicolelis work to humans (enabling humans to control robots with their minds or to help paralysis victims walk again with aid of robotic prosthetics). Cognitive computing, which goes well beyond simple pattern recognition, achieves deep <a class="inline-links topic-link" href="https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/basics/empathy" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: transparent; border-bottom: 1px dashed rgb(153, 153, 153); box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(44, 45, 48) !important; font-family: inherit; text-decoration-line: none !important;" title="Psychology Today looks at understanding">understanding</a> about the underlying <em style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box;">causes</em> of complex patterns, instead of simple recognition that patterns exist.</div>
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Whereas current machine learning AI systems can determine, from brute force statistics, which people who make Google searches will respond to different targeted ad promotions, these AI systems don’t know <em style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box;">why</em> there is a connection between Google search behavior and purchasing behavior, only that a useful correlation exists.</div>
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But using esoteric mathematics, such as the higher dimensional models described by Princeton University researchers Li, Bastian, Welsh and Rabitz in a 2015 article in the <em style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box;">Journal of Physical Chemistry</em>, cognitive computing experts are gaining deep insights into <em style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box;">causal</em> relationships among large numbers of variables (such as firing patterns of thousands of different neurons) in order to understand the deep meaning of complicated patterns.</div>
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<span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "Proxima Nova Bold", Arial, sans-serif;"><b>The future is now</b></span></div>
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Armed with such AI-derived deep understanding, it will soon be possible for computers to communicate in real time with the brain in highly sophisticated ways, enabling such science fiction-sounding capabilities already demonstrated in the lab (see references) such as:</div>
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<li style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.5; margin-bottom: 12px; text-align: justify;">Direct brain-to- brain communication through thought alone.</li>
<li style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.5; margin-bottom: 12px; text-align: justify;">Brain-to-brain transfer of learning and <a class="inline-links topic-link" href="https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/basics/memory" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: transparent; border-bottom: 1px dashed rgb(153, 153, 153); box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(44, 45, 48) !important; font-family: inherit; text-decoration-line: none !important;" title="Psychology Today looks at memory">memory</a>.</li>
<li style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.5; margin-bottom: 12px; text-align: justify;">Hybrid AI/Brain combinations (AI assisted brains) learning.</li>
<li style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.5; margin-bottom: 12px; text-align: justify;">Thought-controlled computers and machines.</li>
<li style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.5; margin-bottom: 12px; text-align: justify;">Mind controlled prosthetics for spinal cord patients and amputees.</li>
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While my last post, <em style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box;">Where Will Evolution Take Humans Next</em>, predicted that humans themselves—through <a class="inline-links topic-link" href="https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/basics/genetics" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: transparent; border-bottom: 1px dashed rgb(153, 153, 153); box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(44, 45, 48) !important; font-family: inherit; text-decoration-line: none !important;" title="Psychology Today looks at gene">gene</a> editing of human embryos (e.g. through CRISPR/Cas9)—will directly determine the directions that Homo sapiens will soon evolve, here I predict yet another—far faster—form of human evolution: the blurring of the boundary between humans and the machines that humans invent.</div>
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<em style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box;">That</em> this <a class="inline-links topic-link" href="https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/basics/marriage" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: transparent; border-bottom: 1px dashed rgb(153, 153, 153); box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(44, 45, 48) !important; font-family: inherit; text-decoration-line: none !important;" title="Psychology Today looks at marriage">marriage</a> of humans and machines will occur, I have no doubt. The bigger question is, after it <em style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box;">does</em> happen, will human beings be more or less than they once were?</div>
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KISHANhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15816151694937771809noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6369493897172492661.post-84183255310804445382018-09-30T21:45:00.001-07:002018-09-30T21:45:18.512-07:00<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span class="rendered_qtext" style="tab-size: 4;">What are top 10 brain damaging habits?</span></h1>
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By: #<span id="QbiGQm" style="color: #333333; font-family: q_serif, Georgia, Times, "Times New Roman", "Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro", Meiryo, serif; font-size: 15px; text-align: left;"><span class="hover" id="__w2_QU8lO65_link"><a action_mousedown="UserLinkClickthrough" class="user" href="https://www.quora.com/profile/Vansh-Bhagat" id="__w2_QU8lO65_name_link" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #333333; text-decoration-line: none;">Vansh Bhagat</a></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: q_serif, Georgia, Times, "Times New Roman", "Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro", Meiryo, serif; font-size: 15px; text-align: left;"><br /></span></div>
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<b><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">#1 No Breakfast</span></b><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">We’ve seen it everywhere that <b>Breakfast</b> is
one of the most important meals of the day.Those who do not eat breakfast will
have lower blood sugar levels. After a long night without eating, this can lead
to an insufficient supply of nutrients to your brain. If repeated often enough
over a lifetime this can cause <b>brain degeneration.</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">#2 Overeating</span></b><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">As if we’re not already feeling guilty enough about
this one! Apparently, besides making us gain weight, feel bloated and damaging
our self-esteem, <b>overeating </b>also causes hardening of brain
arteries which can in turn decrease mental power. Sigh.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">#3 Smoking</span></b><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">We all know <b>smoking </b>is bad for
one’s health. The most freaky side effect of smoking is that is causes
“multiple brain shrinkage”. It is also a suspected culprit in Alzheimer’s
disease and other dementia-related diseases.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">#4 High Sugar Consumption</span></b><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">Ditching the sugar habit will bring you more <b>health
benefits</b> than most people realize. If you’re not convinced yet, turns
out that <b><i>high sugar consumption has been shown to disrupt the body’s
ability to absorb proteins and nutrients</i>,</b>which causes malnutrition
and <i>issues with brain development</i>. We may be starving ourselves and
not even know it!<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">#5 Air Pollution</span></b><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">This one is a bit harder to solve on an individual
basis unless you walk around with a face mask all the time. The brain needs
incredible amounts of oxygen to function properly and constantly <b>inhaling
pollution </b>decreases the oxygen supply to the body, leading to a <b><i>decrease
in brain efficiency.</i></b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">#6 Sleep Deprivation</span></b><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">Long term<b> </b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sleep_deprivation" target="_blank"><b><span style="color: #2b6dad; text-decoration-line: none;">sleep
deprivation</span></b></a> speeds up the death of brain cells. We want and
need to keep our brain cells around for as long as possible! Sleep gives your
brain a chance to <b>rest and repair</b> itself after long and
sometimes stressful days. Make sleep a priority and do what it takes to get
more of it!<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">#7 Head Covered While Sleeping</span></b><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">This one surprised me too. Sleeping with your head
covered goes along with #5 in the fact that it reduces your oxygen intake at
night. Since you are asleep, you might not even realize that you’re
light-headed or air deprived. You also raise the chance of inhaling too much
carbon dioxide. Play it safe and keep the covers off your face!<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">#8 Working Your Brain During Illness</span></b><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">Some of us are so driven or determined to succeed
that we refuse to rest when we get sick. The truth is, when our body shows
signs of illness, it’s often the body’s way of telling us we need to <b>SLOW
DOWN</b> and reconsider our current lifestyle. It is also telling us that
our<b> BRAIN</b> needs a break! Pushing through sickness, continuing
to study or work or do whatever it is we do every day can actually <b>decrease
the effectiveness of and damage the brain.</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">#9 Lacking In Stimulating Thoughts</span></b><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">Basically, if we don’t use our brain and stretch it
with new and stimulating thoughts, it will SHRINK.<b>Thinking is a powerful
tool</b> and throughout all the years of your life, the thoughts you
think <i>create new pathways in the brain.</i> You won’t stay the
same forever – you’ll either create new pathways and improvements in your mind,
or your brain will shrink to accommodate your lack of effort to think and
discover new things. Weird!<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">#10 Talking Rarely</span></b><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">Similar to #9, talking to people helps your brain
to grow and develop. Participating in intellectual conversations will stretch
and strengthen your brain and help the efficiency of the brain over time.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">So as you can see, your brain is a marvelous gift.
It’s fun learning new facts about how to take care of and develop the best
brain possible. Don’t ignore these important little diddies of info! Do what it
takes to keep your brain healthy and strong for your entire life and you won’t
regret it.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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KISHANhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15816151694937771809noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6369493897172492661.post-15173877690089787742018-09-25T03:43:00.002-07:002018-09-25T03:43:37.712-07:00<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span class="rendered_qtext" style="tab-size: 4;">How is psychology related to neuroscience?</span></h1>
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<a href="https://neuroscience.conferenceseries.com/"><img border="0" data-original-height="442" data-original-width="589" height="300" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-iEnYowAE-mQ/W6oQ8CVkFXI/AAAAAAAAAJ4/B2jDWjbK7h8VyfPIzvzMHPKosY5dMbbUwCLcBGAs/s400/Illustration%2BSOZ.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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By: <span id="TiDAyM" style="color: #333333; font-family: q_serif, Georgia, Times, "Times New Roman", "Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro", Meiryo, serif; font-size: 15px;"><span class="" id="__w2_W1WLvJd_link"><a action_mousedown="UserLinkClickthrough" class="user" href="https://www.quora.com/profile/Trish-Hinojosa" id="__w2_W1WLvJd_name_link" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #333333; text-decoration-line: none;">Trish Hinojosa</a></span></span><span class="IdentityNameCredential NameCredential" style="color: #333333; font-family: q_serif, Georgia, Times, "Times New Roman", "Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro", Meiryo, serif; font-size: 15px;">, B.A. in psychology; have worked in social cognition + sys neuroscience labs.</span></div>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: q_serif, Georgia, Times, "Times New Roman", "Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro", Meiryo, serif; font-size: 16px;">Psychology is the</span><b style="color: #333333; font-family: q_serif, Georgia, Times, "Times New Roman", "Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro", Meiryo, serif; font-size: 16px;"> scientific</b><span style="color: #333333; font-family: q_serif, Georgia, Times, "Times New Roman", "Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro", Meiryo, serif; font-size: 16px;"> study of behavior </span><i style="color: #333333; font-family: q_serif, Georgia, Times, "Times New Roman", "Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro", Meiryo, serif; font-size: 16px;">and</i><span style="color: #333333; font-family: q_serif, Georgia, Times, "Times New Roman", "Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro", Meiryo, serif; font-size: 16px;"> mental processes. A behavior is any </span><b style="color: #333333; font-family: q_serif, Georgia, Times, "Times New Roman", "Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro", Meiryo, serif; font-size: 16px;">directly observable</b><span style="color: #333333; font-family: q_serif, Georgia, Times, "Times New Roman", "Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro", Meiryo, serif; font-size: 16px;"> action or reaction, and metal processes include internal processes such as: thinking, feeling, and desiring. Historically, these mental processes could only be </span><b style="color: #333333; font-family: q_serif, Georgia, Times, "Times New Roman", "Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro", Meiryo, serif; font-size: 16px;">observed indirectly.</b><span style="color: #333333; font-family: q_serif, Georgia, Times, "Times New Roman", "Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro", Meiryo, serif; font-size: 16px;"> Advancements in neuroscience and neuroimaging have made it possible to look at these internal processes more directly </span><i style="color: #333333; font-family: q_serif, Georgia, Times, "Times New Roman", "Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro", Meiryo, serif; font-size: 16px;">(assuming the scientist has designed a valid experiment)</i><span style="color: #333333; font-family: q_serif, Georgia, Times, "Times New Roman", "Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro", Meiryo, serif; font-size: 16px;">. </span></div>
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Importantly, our neurobiology constrains our behaviors and mental processes. Since psychologists aim to explain, predict, and control <i>(e.g., preventing unwanted behaviors and promoting desirable behaviors)</i> psychological phenomenon, an understanding of the neurobiological and neuropharmacological underpinnings of behavior and mental processes can help scientists make better predictions and design better interventions/treatment plans <i>(e.g., targeting the neurological mechanisms or brain networks that underly speech problems in an individual with parkinson disease)</i> . </div>
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When psychology and neuroscience get together, they can tackle the following topics:</div>
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<li style="margin: 0px 0px 0px 2em; padding: 0px 0px 0.7em; position: relative; text-align: justify;">Psychophysics and Perception</li>
<li style="margin: 0px 0px 0px 2em; padding: 0px 0px 0.7em; position: relative; text-align: justify;"><b><i>Behavior/Systems/Cognition (I personally analyze data from this domain)</i></b></li>
<li style="margin: 0px 0px 0px 2em; padding: 0px 0px 0.7em; position: relative; text-align: justify;">Plasticity and Neural Development</li>
<li style="margin: 0px 0px 0px 2em; padding: 0px 0px 0.7em; position: relative; text-align: justify;">Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology</li>
<li style="margin: 0px 0px 0px 2em; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-align: justify;">Neuropsychopharmacology.</li>
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<span class="IdentityNameCredential NameCredential" style="color: #333333; font-family: q_serif, Georgia, Times, "Times New Roman", "Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro", Meiryo, serif; font-size: 15px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">Ultimately, psychology and neuroscience challenge, clarify, and inform one another's theories, hypotheses, and methods. The idea that psychology and neuroscience are </span><b style="font-size: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px !important;">completely</b><span style="font-size: 16px;"> at odds with one another is a false dilemma.</span></span></div>
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KISHANhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15816151694937771809noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6369493897172492661.post-35797657627872492892018-09-24T22:09:00.000-07:002018-09-24T22:09:08.371-07:00<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span class="rendered_qtext" style="tab-size: 4;">How can I start learning neuroscience?</span></h1>
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By: #<span id="CToWsZ" style="color: #333333; font-family: q_serif, Georgia, Times, "Times New Roman", "Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro", Meiryo, serif; font-size: 15px;"><span class="" id="__w2_ghhJzwE_link">Connor Gallimore</span></span><span class="IdentityNameCredential NameCredential" style="color: #333333; font-family: q_serif, Georgia, Times, "Times New Roman", "Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro", Meiryo, serif; font-size: 15px;">, B.S. Psychology & Neuroscience, University of #NorthCarolina at Chapel Hill</span></div>
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When it comes to complex topics like this, I’m a fan of the Bottom-up approach to learning. This involves starting with the most basic, fundamental concepts of a subject and slowly integrating your new knowledge about them into the grand, wholistic view of the field.</div>
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For #neuroscience, it seems natural to me to begin with the neuron. Learn about its physical structure, and the #electrochemical properties that allow it to transmit information from cell to another. Learn about the types of cells that various types of neurons project onto, and the areas of the brain acting as the ultimate destination of a pathway’s signal. Learn about the different neurotransmitters released at each synapse, and how they contribute to the cell’s observed properties.</div>
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Most importantly, ask hard-hitting questions. Is this particular type of neuron excitatory, or inhibitory? How does this relate to the #electrophysiology? What does its morphology tell you about its function? Was it designed advantageously to serve its observed purpose? Why are there 5 different types of dopamine receptors? What is the purpose of a closed-loop system, or inhibitory gating? What kinds of pathways have been well-characterized in research, and what are the functional consequences of these pathways for the organism’s perception or behavior? For instance, why does the basal ganglia have both a direct, and indirect pathway?</div>
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There is a wide array of subfields that approach neuroscience at various levels of abstraction, from the molecular and #genetic, to the cellular, to the systems level, to the #cognitive and decision-making level, even to the level of social interaction, or the utilization of #computational and #mathematical modeling. The beauty of neuroscience is that there are so many different angles one can approach the topic and still find a plethora of unanswered questions.</div>
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The field is your playground. But beware: a truly in-depth understanding of neuroscience across these levels of analysis requires <i>years</i> to build. Take it from me, <b><i>it’s so much fun to learn about</i></b>.</div>
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KISHANhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15816151694937771809noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6369493897172492661.post-17442987776363693972018-09-24T22:03:00.005-07:002018-09-24T22:03:56.050-07:00<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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What Is Neuroscience?<br />
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By: #<span id="UQGbCN" style="color: #333333; font-family: q_serif, Georgia, Times, "Times New Roman", "Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro", Meiryo, serif; font-size: 15px;"><span class="" id="__w2_HxCesfr_link"><a action_mousedown="UserLinkClickthrough" class="user" href="https://www.quora.com/profile/Joyce-Schenkein" id="__w2_HxCesfr_name_link" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #333333; text-decoration-line: none;">Joyce Schenkein</a></span></span><span class="NameCredential IdentityNameCredential" style="color: #333333; font-family: q_serif, Georgia, Times, "Times New Roman", "Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro", Meiryo, serif; font-size: 15px;">, PhD in Neuropsychology, </span><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">Former Neurology Faculty (PhD/MD) at University of #Pittsburgh</span><br />
<span class="NameCredential IdentityNameCredential" style="color: #333333; font-family: q_serif, Georgia, Times, "Times New Roman", "Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro", Meiryo, serif; font-size: 15px;"><br /></span>
<span class="NameCredential IdentityNameCredential" style="color: #333333; font-family: q_serif, Georgia, Times, "Times New Roman", "Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro", Meiryo, serif; font-size: 15px;"><b style="font-size: 16px;">Neuroscience</b><span style="font-size: 16px;"> is the scientific study of the nervous system. Traditionally, #</span><b style="font-size: 16px;">neuroscience</b><span style="font-size: 16px;"> has been seen as a branch of biology. </span><span class="qlink_container" style="font-size: 16px;">neuroscience - Google Search</span><br style="font-size: 16px;" /><span style="font-size: 16px;">In response to the questioner's note I originally added details that weren't saved or something. I've just been confused because how much of neuroscience overlaps with psychology and philosophy? </span><br style="font-size: 16px;" /><br style="font-size: 16px;" /><span style="font-size: 16px;">The natural sciences began as Philos0phy because the research methodology was not developed. Also, people relied upon the opinions of their predecessors, as opposed to obtaining new knowledge.</span><br style="font-size: 16px;" /><br style="font-size: 16px;" /><span style="font-size: 16px;">Eventually, real data was collected to replace speculations. </span><span style="font-size: 16px;">So for instance, the question as to whether man is a blank slate (tabula rasa) at birth, has been replaced by longitudinal data showing that children are born with temperaments (in other words, the dials are set at birth) </span><br style="font-size: 16px;" /><span style="font-size: 16px;">So then next the question becomes, what can be changed with early intervention.? More research.....No need for Philosophers</span><br style="font-size: 16px;" /><span style="font-size: 16px;">Neuroscience had a later debut because nerves are 1.tiny 2, hidden 3.work extremely quickly . </span><br style="font-size: 16px;" /><span style="font-size: 16px;">A high resolution microscope was required to advance "The Neural doctrine", which suggested that nerves are discrete units and not a single strand of spaghetti woven into a huge ball called the brain. </span><br style="font-size: 16px;" /><br style="font-size: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px !important;" /><span style="font-size: 16px;">As technology advances, neuroscience can answer progressively more difficult questions. Insofar as consciousness has not been explained, #Neuroscientists do experimenters, but Philosophers also go over the data trying to understand what it means.</span></span></div>
KISHANhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15816151694937771809noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6369493897172492661.post-83765719757967323462018-04-20T04:13:00.001-07:002018-04-20T04:32:14.592-07:00<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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KISHANhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15816151694937771809noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6369493897172492661.post-66378402275894179512018-04-01T22:12:00.002-07:002018-04-01T22:12:35.499-07:00<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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Adult Onset Neurodegeneration Has Roots in Early Development</h1>
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<strong style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #0a0a0a; font-family: "Open Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">The disease mechanism for adult-onset progressive degenerative diseases begins much earlier than previously thought, according to a Northwestern Medicine study published in the <em style="box-sizing: border-box;">Journal of Clinical Investigation</em>.<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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KISHANhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15816151694937771809noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6369493897172492661.post-19920378753173348692017-08-01T01:30:00.002-07:002018-09-05T04:01:24.897-07:00NEUROSCIENCE 2018<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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About Conference</h2>
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<b>Neuroscience 2018, 18th International Conference on Neuroscience, which is scheduled </b>for<b> November 16-17, 2018, </b>at<b> Tokyo, Japan. </b>The main theme of our conference is<b> “Ameliorations in Technologies and Treatments"</b> which covers wide range of critically important sessions. It’s a platform to bring all the neuroscientists together to share their experiences it’s the amalgam of scientific research as well as innovative ideas.<br />
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Neurological disorders are diseases of the brain, spine and the nerves that connect them. There is ample evidence that pinpoints neurological disorders as one of the greatest threats to public health. There are more than 600 diseases of the nervous system, such as Alzheimer's disease, brain tumours, epilepsy, Parkinson's disease, and stroke as well as less familiar ones such as frontotemporal dementia.<br />
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In the present day scenario a wide population of mankind are plagued by mental and neurological illnesses, with almost 165 million people or 38 percent of the population suffering each year from a brain disorder. With only about a third of cases receiving the therapy or medication needed, mental illnesses cause a huge economic and social burden, it found the cost burden of these and neurological disorders amounted to about 386 billion euros ($555 billion) a year. An estimated 6.8 million people die every year as a result of neurological disorders.<br />
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Neurological disorders public health challenges describes and discusses the increasing global public health importance of common neurological disorders such as dementia, epilepsy, headache disorders, multiple sclerosis, neuroinfections, neurological disorders associated with malnutrition, pain associated with neurological disorders, stroke and traumatic brain injuries.<br />
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National Alliance provided fund of $650 million to fuel the research on mental illness. NARSAD Young Investigator Grant provides $30,000 per year on research in Neural and behavior disorders such as schizophrenia, mood disorders, anxiety disorders, or child and adolescent mental illnesses. Brain tumor research receives less than 1% (0.7%) of national cancer research spending in the UK.<br />
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In order to accelerate the research in the field of Neuroscience Conference Series organizes different conference series worldwide. For More..<br />
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<b>About Organization</b><br />
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<li>3000+ Global Events</li>
<li>25 Million+ Visitors</li>
<li>25000+ unique visitors per conference</li>
<li>70000+ page views for every individual conference</li>
<li>Unique Opportunity! Online visibility to the Speakers and Experts</li>
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<b>Who should attend?</b></div>
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<li>Neuroscientist</li>
<li>Neuroanatomist</li>
<li>Neurobiologist</li>
<li>Neurochemist</li>
<li>Neurological Surgeon</li>
<li>Neurologist</li>
<li>Neuropathologist</li>
<li>Neuropharmacologist</li>
<li>Neurophysiologist</li>
<li>Neuropsychologist</li>
<li>Neuroradiologist</li>
<li>Psychobiologist</li>
<li>Biological Psychologist</li>
<li>Psychiatrist</li>
<li>Neuroscience Nurse</li>
<li>Psychophysicist</li>
<li>Professors</li>
<li>Students</li>
<li>Neuro drug Manufacturers</li>
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<b>Benefits of attending:</b><br />
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<li>Networking Opportunities, Grow Your Professional Network</li>
<li>Build Your Knowledge Base</li>
<li>Expand Your Resources</li>
<li>Meet Experts & Influencers Face to Face</li>
<li>Learning In a New Space</li>
<li>Break Out of Your Comfort Zone</li>
<li>New Tips & Tactics</li>
<li>Greater Focus</li>
<li>The Serendipity of the Random Workshop</li>
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<b>Who should sponsor/exhibit:</b><br />
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<li>Pharmaceuticals</li>
<li>Drug Manufacturers</li>
<li>Hospitals</li>
<li>Educational Institutes</li>
<li>Research Centers</li>
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Conference Highlights</h2>
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<li><a href="http://neuroscience.conferenceseries.com/events-list/neurology" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;" title="Neurology"><span style="color: #b98642; text-decoration-line: none;">Neurology</span></a></li>
<li><a href="http://neuroscience.conferenceseries.com/events-list/neurons" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;" title="Neurons"><span style="color: #b98642; text-decoration-line: none;">Neurons</span></a></li>
<li><a href="http://neuroscience.conferenceseries.com/events-list/neurological-disorders" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;" title="Neurological disorders"><span style="color: #b98642; text-decoration-line: none;">Neurological disorders</span></a></li>
<li><a href="http://neuroscience.conferenceseries.com/events-list/central-nervous-system" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;" title="Central Nervous System"><span style="color: #b98642; text-decoration-line: none;">Central Nervous System</span></a></li>
<li><a href="http://neuroscience.conferenceseries.com/events-list/spine-and-spinal-disorders" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;" title="Spine and Spinal Disorders"><span style="color: #b98642; text-decoration-line: none;">Spine and Spinal Disorders</span></a></li>
<li><a href="http://neuroscience.conferenceseries.com/events-list/stroke-and-its-management" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;" title="Stroke and its Management"><span style="color: #b98642; text-decoration-line: none;">Stroke and its Management</span></a></li>
<li><a href="http://neuroscience.conferenceseries.com/events-list/neuro-degenerative-disorders" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;" title="Neuro-Degenerative Disorders"><span style="color: #b98642; text-decoration-line: none;">Neuro-Degenerative Disorders</span></a></li>
<li><a href="http://neuroscience.conferenceseries.com/events-list/pediatric-neurology" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;" title="Pediatric Neurology"><span style="color: #b98642; text-decoration-line: none;">Pediatric Neurology</span></a></li>
<li><a href="http://neuroscience.conferenceseries.com/events-list/neuro-epigenetics" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;" title="Neuro Epigenetics"><span style="color: #b98642; text-decoration-line: none;">Neuro Epigenetics</span></a></li>
<li><a href="http://neuroscience.conferenceseries.com/events-list/neuro-oncology" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;" title="Neuro Oncology"><span style="color: #b98642; text-decoration-line: none;">Neuro Oncology</span></a></li>
<li><a href="http://neuroscience.conferenceseries.com/events-list/clinical-neurology" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;" title="Clinical Neurology"><span style="color: #b98642; text-decoration-line: none;">Clinical Neurology</span></a></li>
<li><a href="http://neuroscience.conferenceseries.com/events-list/dementia" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;" title="Dementia"><span style="color: #b98642; text-decoration-line: none;">Dementia</span></a></li>
<li><a href="http://neuroscience.conferenceseries.com/events-list/parkinsons-disease" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;" title="Parkinsons Disease"><span style="color: #b98642; text-decoration-line: none;">Parkinsons Disease</span></a></li>
<li><a href="http://neuroscience.conferenceseries.com/events-list/alzheimers-disease" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;" title="Alzheimers disease"><span style="color: #b98642; text-decoration-line: none;">Alzheimers disease</span></a></li>
<li><a href="http://neuroscience.conferenceseries.com/events-list/spinal-bulber-muscular-artophy-sbma" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;" title="Spinal Bulber Muscular Artophy(SBMA)"><span style="color: #b98642; text-decoration-line: none;">Spinal Bulber Muscular Artophy(SBMA)</span></a></li>
<li><a href="http://neuroscience.conferenceseries.com/events-list/neuronal-development-and-regeneration" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;" title="Neuronal Development and Regeneration"><span style="color: #b98642; text-decoration-line: none;">Neuronal Development and Regeneration</span></a></li>
<li><a href="http://neuroscience.conferenceseries.com/events-list/molecular-and-cellular-neurobiology" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;" title="Molecular and cellular Neurobiology"><span style="color: #b98642; text-decoration-line: none;">Molecular and cellular Neurobiology</span></a></li>
<li><a href="http://neuroscience.conferenceseries.com/events-list/neurogenomics" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;" title="Neurogenomics"><span style="color: #b98642; text-decoration-line: none;">Neurogenomics</span></a></li>
<li><a href="http://neuroscience.conferenceseries.com/events-list/neuropsychiatry-and-behavioral-science" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;" title="Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Science"><span style="color: #b98642; text-decoration-line: none;">Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Science</span></a></li>
<li><a href="http://neuroscience.conferenceseries.com/events-list/diagnosis-and-imaging-techniques" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;" title="Diagnosis and Imaging Techniques"><span style="color: #b98642; text-decoration-line: none;">Diagnosis and Imaging Techniques</span></a></li>
<li><a href="http://neuroscience.conferenceseries.com/events-list/neuro-chemistry" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;" title="Neuro-chemistry"><span style="color: #b98642; text-decoration-line: none;">Neuro-chemistry</span></a></li>
<li><a href="http://neuroscience.conferenceseries.com/events-list/nursing-and-neuroscience" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;" title="Nursing and Neuroscience"><span style="color: #b98642; text-decoration-line: none;">Nursing and Neuroscience</span></a></li>
<li><a href="http://neuroscience.conferenceseries.com/events-list/neurosurgery" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;" title="Neurosurgery"><span style="color: #b98642; text-decoration-line: none;">Neurosurgery</span></a></li>
<li><a href="http://neuroscience.conferenceseries.com/events-list/pharmaceuticals-and-therapies" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;" title="Pharmaceuticals and Therapies"><span style="color: #b98642; text-decoration-line: none;">Pharmaceuticals and Therapies</span></a></li>
<li><span style="color: #b98642; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt;"><a href="http://neuroscience.conferenceseries.com/events-list/clinical-trails-case-reports" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt;" title="Clinical Trails & Case Reports">Clinical Trails & Case Reports</a></span></li>
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<li style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;">All accepted abstracts will be published in respective Supported International Journals.</li>
<li style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;">Abstracts will be provided with Digital Object Identifier by Cross Ref</li>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "tahoma" , "helvetica" , "freesans" , sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px;">See more at: </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , "tahoma" , "helvetica" , "freesans" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 13.2px;"><a href="http://neuroscience.conferenceseries.com/">http://neuroscience.conferenceseries.com/</a></span></span></div>
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